Positive And Negative Influences Of Working And Stay At...

Positive and Negative Influences of Working and Stay-at-home Mothers on Children A child needs stable family connections with the nurturing presence of their parents, particularly their mother. Childhood is the most impersonating time of a person’s life which either makes or breaks a person. A mother is the direct source of influence and her ability to form a bond provides paternal security and nurturing children’s needs by a constant guidance throughout. There are several factors, situations, conditions and financial surroundings which help in influencing the children and help to generate long term benefits on upcoming generations. 1. Influences of Working Mothers on Children During the 1970-80s, the rate of working mothers was of lesser amount in comparison to working mothers today because staying at home with the children was just what women were supposed to do. Statistics showed, younger children used to have less working mothers because it was believed that initial years require maternal care more and nothing can replace it. Over the years, more and more women have joined the workforce in order to acquire a better income for their family. (Grossman n.d.). Today about three quarters of mothers are working during the beginning of their children’s lives while their children are at day care or are being looked after by someone else and this is mainly because most jobs only offer a short maternity leave. (David, 2013) About 41 percent of people, still do not favor theShow MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Influences Of Working And Stay At Home Mothers On Children1409 Words   |  6 Pages Positive and Negative Influences of Working and Stay-At-Home Mothers on Children Are children better off if mothers stay at home to take care of them? Recently, whether mother should stay home taking care of children or work as normal have been argued a lot, Some mothers may rather choose stay at home and take the traditional homemaker role. Others may prefer to work outside home to meet her full personal potential. There can be both positive and negative effects of working mothers on their childrenRead MoreCan Mothers Effectively Manage Work And Raising Children?1635 Words   |  7 PagesCan Mothers Effectively Manage Work and Raising children? Every mother’s priority is her children. Mothers’ ultimate goal is to watch their children growing and reaching the best developmental and emotional milestones in every stage of their lives, and they realize that they are the cornerstone to achieve this goal. They are more influential than the school and the entire surrounding community. And, they are willing to devote all their lives to their children and sacrifice everything to build aRead More Battle of the Moms Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesalways be a battle between working mothers and stay at home mothers, and the debate has always been controversial. Although there are many factors that differentiate children raised by a stay at home mother and a working mother, there is no right way on how to raise a child. The differences between both moms have both positive and negative characteristics but neither one can be said to be the correct way on raising a child. A â€Å"right way† does not exist. WHY WORKING MOTHERS WORK? â€Å"In the United StatesRead MoreChildren of Working Mothers vs. Stay At Home Mothers and Their Effects1102 Words   |  5 PagesChildren of Working Mothers vs. Stay At Home Mothers and Their Effects Looking back at the past there have been women struggling for equal rights throughout the United States of America this includes the right to work or stay at home with their children. Ever since women started working the argument has been forthcoming over mothers who work and those who stay home with their children. One concern is what differences, if any, are there in children who are raised by stay-at-home moms and working momsRead MoreThe Happiest Refugee Analysis934 Words   |  4 Pageswould have been obtained if it was not for his parents. Anh succeeds throughout his life because of his parents. Anhs resilience is a positive reflection of his parents guidance. His mother sacrificed a lot as a single parent to allow Anh to pursue his dreams and accomplish his goals. In saying this, he is supported by his fathers motivational teachings, which stay with him during the period of his absence. Amongst other qualities, the impact that his parents had on his success proved to be a dom inantRead MoreWorking Mothers At Home And Acquire The Traditional Homemaker Job3367 Words   |  14 PagesSome mothers can make the decision to stay at home and acquire the traditional homemaker job. Other mothers can choose to work outside of the home. Both of these decisions can come with many great benefits as well as a negative impact. The role a mother has to achieve has significantly changed over the last century. Throughout history working mothers as well as stay at home mother has changed and increased. Attitudes towards these two types of mothers have also differed. Working mothers have definitelyRead MoreNon Parental Child Care966 Words   |  4 PagesCare, and the Influences It has on Development Amara Washington SOC312 Nancy Russell July 9, 2012 Non Parental Child Care and the Influence it has on Development In today’s society more and more women are working outside of the homes and are not able to take care of the children on a full time bases. When the parents are unable to tend to their children, they have to seek help from an outside source. Years ago, it was natural for the mother of the children to stay at home and care forRead MoreThe Importance Of Gender Stereotypes1385 Words   |  6 PagesGender stereotypes are simplifications about the acts of adjectives. Gender roles are usually neither positive or negative. They are generally mistaken generalizations of the male and female aspects. Since each human being has contrasting ambitions, opinions, and spirits, disregarding their gender, these stereotypes are strangely condensed and do not all characterize the properties of every person of both genders. Most people recognize that stereotypes are not true, but a lot still make expectationsRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Day Care on Children967 Words   |  4 PagesDay Ca re on Children Because many stay at home mothers are entering the work force, there is a higher demand for day care centers for the mothers’ children. The topic of day care centers and whether they are beneficial to young children is becoming discussed more frequently. An increasing number of parents are becoming more cautious about the type of childcare they choose for their children. Some parents are adhering to the traditional way of raising their children by staying at home and caring forRead MoreFamily Structures Are Extremely Varied In Today’S Society.1625 Words   |  7 Pageschanged; men and women do not feel pressured to take care of responsibilities at home. Children are being left behind, without knowing how this will influence their lives. Mothers and fathers serve vital roles in the life of their kids. Individuals inherit many things from their parents such as; their personality, values, beliefs and some similarities in behavior. In the United States alone, approximately 34 percent of children today are living with an unmarried parent (Livingston). This means that nearly

Cubism In Pablo Picassos Girl Before A Mirror - 790 Words

The â€Å" Girl Before a Mirror† was painted in 1932 by Pablo Picasso.the painting Girl Before a Mirror by Pablo Picasso is one of the masterpieces of the Cubism movement. Girl Before a Mirror is an amazing painting of his young mistress Marie Therese Walter. Therefore, The painting is very involved as it tries to portray a woman facing her image as a pure innocent young lady to a woman that she is becoming. In addition, †Girl Before a Mirror’ is a painting that talks about reflections of self. The painting also show how we can see ourselves versus how others can see us. Many people see a beautiful young pregnant woman with a happy looking and round breasts who is looking at her reflection in the mirror but seeing it as her future†¦show more content†¦The woman has firm breasts. it considering the reflection shows that her physical strength has left her. However, the impotence of the breasts is controlled by the pregnant stomach. It can be realized that there are stripes of green on the stomach, indicating fertility. Further, Picasso always used green striped clothing when he was at work. This shows that there is a definite presence of Picasso, which is affecting the condition of the woman. Furthermore, Mirror is a bright and bold painting. Picasso included a background usually used to enhance the main focus on the image but decided to make just as important and eye-catching. For example, in Gateway to Art â€Å" the torso of the woman features some curved blue-green strokes that imply the roundness of the body( Dewitte 59). Another interpretation is the darker side represents the girl in her old age. The green mark on her forehead and her darkened facial features shows the wrinkles and disfigure that comes with aging.He portrays this by using darker colors like the darker blue silhouette around her head, her face becomes a darker shade of purple, and what used to be her soft blonde hair is replaced by darker hues.The transformation of the colors from her standing there, to her reflection in the mirror, shows a darker, older, more voluptuous woman. On the young girl innocent side, the colors seemShow MoreRelatedGirl Before A Mirror By Pablo Picasso863 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone can agree that the reflection in a mirror when you look at yourself will illustrate a sense of pride in your appearance and achievements. In 1932, Pablo Pic asso painted a picture titled Girl before a mirror with the subject being his French mistress Marie-Therese Walter. Picasso used a cubism stylistic approach while he created this painting. Furthermore, the idea of cubism is to take apart an object and break it down into simple shapes. Then, recreate those shapes onto a canvas and it willRead MoreComparing Matisse Picasso And Van Gogh1463 Words   |  6 PagesTo compare and contrast artists Pablo Picasso and Van Gogh, and to consider their intentions with their artwork. In this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting artists Pablo Picasso and Van Gogh, considering their intentions with their artwork. Van Gogh and Picasso two of the most famous artists out there and still are to this day. Uncountable books have been published and dedicated to them and their lives and careers of being true artist. Their art has changed the way people view things andRead MoreComparing Picasso And Van Gogh1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting artists Pablo Picasso and Van Gogh, considering their intentions with their artwork. Van Gogh and Picasso two of the most famous artists out there and still are to this day. Uncountable books have been published and dedicated to them and their lives and careers of being true artist. Their art has changed the way people view things and the world around them. Vincent van Gogh was one of many artists who self taught himself, who transformed the appearanceRead More Pablo Picasso and Cubic Art Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pageswomen are creator, caretaker, destroyer and a lover. Such beliefs are common in both eastern culture and western tradition that can be seen represented in different canvases of many famous artists. From renaissance Michelangelo Angelo to abstract Pablo Picasso, artists have always painted women in different circles of life explaining different paradox of emotional feelings, spiritual beliefs, and physical representations. Explaining such themes in balanced form and in limited canvases was not possibleRead More History of Pablo Picasso and his Art Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Pablo Picasso and his Art Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor, generally considered the greatest artist of the 20th century. He was unique as an inventor of forms, as an innovator of styles and techniques, as a master of various media, and as one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20,000 works. Picassos genius manifested itself early: at the age of 10 he made his first paintings, and at 15 he performed brilliantly on the entrance examinationsRead MoreThe Treatment of the Human Figure: a Travel Through Time1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Treatment of the Human Figure: Examining Interpretations Through History Throughout history artists have been fascinated with the human figure. Before photography was invented, painting, drawing and printmaking served as the only forms of visual documentation. It often felt the purpose of art was to capture a likeness; often the beauty of the human figure was stressed and imperfections of those who were being portrayed were minimized. Thus, here was little room for artistic expression

Promote Team Effectiveness Free Essays

string(65) " as she has trained them or there has been an increase in sales\." Charles Telfair Institute – Mauritius BSBMGT401A show leadership in the workplace (SIN D0841) ASSESSESSMENT 1 – GROUP PROJECT (WORK RELATED PRACTICAL TASK) GROUP PROJECT COVER SHEET CANDIDATES’ NAMES: Ashveena Moorgawa, Meghna Nagessur and Jessica Sevathiane | We declare this evidence has been produced by the undersigned. Candidates’ Signatures: ____________________________________ Date Submitted: 17/04/2013| ASSESSOR’S NAME: Maryline LAMY| Evidence to be presented: | Part/E| PC| 1st Attempt| 2nd Attempt| Comments| A E1| 1. 1| | | | BE1| 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Promote Team Effectiveness or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2| | | | CE1| 1. 3| | | | DE1| 1. 4| | | | EE2| 2. 1-2. 3| | | | FE3| 3. 1-3. 6| | | | Assessor to CompleteGeneral Comment:Result Satisfactory Not SatisfactoryAssessor’s Signature: _________________________________ Date: __________________Candidates’ Signatures: ________________________________ Date: __________________Please Note: If a candidate is not satisfied with the assessment outcome he/she may lodge an appeal. | Charles Telfair Institute – Mauritius BSBMGT401A SHOW LEADERSHIP IN THE WORKPLACE (SIN D0841) ASSESSESSMENT 1 – GROUP PROJECT (WORK RELATED PRACTICAL TASK) GROUP PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS Project for: | BSBMGT401A show leadership in the workplace| Due date:| Final submission: Date indicated in the DAS| Description of the Task:| You are required to provide answers to questions related to the three elements of competence. | General overviewThis assessment is designed to give you the opportunity to show you have the skills and knowledge required to show leadership in the workplaceElements covered 1 Model high standards of management performance and behaviour 2 Enhance Organisation Image 3 Making Informed DecisionsRequirements 1 In groups of 3 – 4 students, you are required to address Part A to Part F 2 No word limit is imposed, quality is more important than quantity. Make sure you address all parts of the question and provide sufficient detail to illustrate your answers. 3 Each task is to be word processed and presented in a logical and easy to read format. | Ashveena Moorgawa:| Part A and E| Meghna Nagessur:| Part B and C| Jessica Sevathiane:| Part D and F| Contents Part A6 Answer A. 16 Answer A. 27 Answer A. 38 Part B8 Answer B9 Part C9 Answer C9 Part D9 Answer D10 Part E14 Answer E. 114 Answer E. 215 Answer E. 316 Part F16 Answer F18 â€Å"End of paper†19 Charles Telfair Institute – Mauritius BSBMGT401A SHOW LEADERSHIP IN THE WORKPLACE| SIN D0841) ASSESSMENT A – WORK RELATED TASKS Part A E1 PC1. 1 Read the case study. Write down your responses to the tasks. Case study Jennifer has recently been recruited by a retail store as a frontline manager. Jennifer has previous experience as a team leader but this is her first frontline management position. Her responsibilities include team rosters, coordinating security in her depar tment, managing displays, team member supervision and stock control. 1. Identify what Jennifer needs to find out what the organisation expects of her performance and behaviour. Answer A. 1 The function of a front line manager is mainly centered on the daily activities of a department. His role is mainly to do the short term planning, motivate its subordinates and accomplish the day to day task. As Jennifer is also a front line manager, the organization expects her be fair towards all the employees . She should treat all the employees equally. She should be able to organize the roster fairly taking in consideration all the employees. She should be able to identify the right employees and put the right people to work. She should share information with her employees in order for them to know how the work should be done. She should be intelligent in order to know if whether there is a leakage in the information she should be able to handle the problem quickly. Concerning the displays in the retail store Jennifer should be imaginative in order to know what articles should be display to attract customers. She should look at the cleanliness of the store and should be open to listening and learning from other people to know what is the latest trend. Jennifer should be a good leader; she has to be a representative for the employees. Jennifer has to constantly remind the employees the vision, values, goals, standard and image of the organization. Jennifer should always be here to listen, coach and motivate her workers to build an effective work. Jennifer should be able to take effective decision for the team objective. She has to be fair towards all her team member and not favouritism anyone. As a frontline manager, Jennifer should be honest concerning the stock control as employees are going to follow her path and constantly taking note on her behaviour. Jennifer should be trust worth and not afraid to take decision or actions whenever needed. She should be well organize and have a proper recording of the stock. Reference: Management principles 2nd edition PJ SMIT GJ DEJ CRONJE 2. What sources of workplace information are available to help Jennifer in establishing the organisation’s requirements? Answer A. 2 The source to help Jennifer establishing the organization requirements , is that, she has to know the policies and procedures, that is, policies is the guidelines adopted by the organization to reach its long term goals and procedures are the action taken to achieve the day to day operations. Jennifer should work the company code of ethics that is the principles and values that directs behaviour of what is good and wrong and it can also influence decision making. Jennifer should know what is the code of conduct, what behaviour is accepted in the workplace and what type of dress should she wear at work. Jennifer has to keep confidential information about her workplace. She should not speak badly about the company and has to know about health and safety. What precautions should be taken for the employees’ in order to have a safe and health workplace. 3. How could Jennifer monitor her own performance? Answer A. 3 Jennifer can monitor her own performance when she saw that she has achieved the goals that she has set and compare the results with the planned performance. For example her team members are doing the job well as she has trained them or there has been an increase in sales. You read "Promote Team Effectiveness" in category "Papers" When the customers are satisfied there will be no complaints at all. She can also monitor her performance when she will get good feedback from her superiors and everyone is satisfied with her job. Also when she will see what she has contributed in the organization. Part B E1 PC 1. 2 Read the case study. Write down your response to the task. Case study Matthew has received advice that the rostering system is to be changed next month. The change means that the organisation will be able to offer extended trading hours to their clients. This should offer them quite an advantage over their competitors. Matthew is concerned that several members of the team will be unhappy about the changes. He is aware that several team members will need to make new arrangements for childcare, family arrangements and transport. Describe how Matthew can behave as a positive role model to his team during this period of change. Answer B In this organization, they are planning to change the roster system by next month, where the staff has to extend their working hours. Matthew is concerned that several members will be unhappy about the changes. So being the team leader and also change agent, he has to motivate his team by acting as a positive role model. First Matthew has to be a good decision maker in order to help the staff cope with the changes in the company. Several factors must be taken into consideration while making these changes for example: arrangement for childcare, family and transport. Matthew acting as a positive role model he must have a plan, know how to lead, organise and control. Concerning arrangements for childcare, Matthew can discuss with his top management to see if they can provide the staff with a nursery near the working place. This will allow the parents to focus on their roles, knowing that their children are being cared in a safe environment nearby. For family arrangements, Matthew can consult the finance department in order to see if they can, pay part of exam fees, for staff’s children. They can also provide health care insurance for family members. Health Insurance will pay specified amounts of money to cover medical expenses or treatments. Reference: humanresources. about. comodenefits For transport, Matthew can take organize loan facilities for staff to purchase new car. He can also arrange transport for staff’s children; that is vehicles will fetch the children from school to nursery or willing destination. By this, staff will be at ease as they will know their children are in safe hands. As they will have night shifts, the company will arrange transport, so that the staff will not be facing any difficulties. Being a positive role model Matthew can opt for these benefits. As the company will be more advantageous over their competitors, this will bring it more profit. So, the Team Leader must create a win-win situation whereby both staff and the company will be profitable. A good role model also does what he says, so Matthew will have to keep his promise towards his staff. He must also be open to them, so that they will not hesitate to share ideas concerning the changes in the company. Part C E 1 PC 1. 3 Describe the characteristics of an effective performance plan. Answer C Performance Planning is designed to assist Leaders and Staff in communicating about performance. Continuous application of these guidelines will ensure that employees know what is expected of them, how they are performing and what can be done to strengthen performance. The characteristics of an effective performance plan are as follows: 1. Demonstrate leadership commitment to the process and the plan. To be effective, a performance plan should have commitment of both manager and team member. This may be in terms of resources provided or brainstorming sessions. . Promotes environment of common understanding of goals and priorities. Development plans and performance reviews focus upon coaching and developing employees, for example helping them to reach their full potential. 3. Creates feeling of ownership and team effort among unit members. Showing Trust is the most important. If there is trust, then members will not hesitate to work to their full capacity. Group dynamics will be forme d, that is team building among team members. 4. Makes clear alignment of unit initiatives with Vision, Mission and Goals. Vision: A strong vision and the willingness to see through it is one of the most important characteristic. It is a long-term view and concentrates on the future. It can be emotive and is a source of inspiration. * Mission: Defines the fundamental purpose of an organization or an enterprise, succinctly describing why it exists and what it does to achieve its vision. The leader who believes in the mission and works toward it, will be an inspiration and a resource to their followers. * Goal: Goals are for which the firm is striving and the policies by which it is seeking to get there. A goal is sometimes called a roadmap- which is the path chosen to plow towards the end vision. The most important part of implementing the goal is ensuring the company is going in the right direction which is towards the end vision. 5. Promotes coherence in unit programs, services and operations. If the entire team acts without regard for one another or is lacking sense of camaraderie in teamwork, the team leader will need to know quickly and carefully to remedy the situation. (Without cohesion, we don’t have a team) 6. Results in plan that serves a management and decision making tool. Among the most useful tools for planning is SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). The main objective of this tool is to analyse internal strategic factors, strengths and weaknesses attributed to the organization, and external factors beyond control of the organization such as opportunities and threats. 7. Communicates clearly the unit priorities to all stakeholders. Effective communication helps keep the team working on the right projects with the right attitude. If we communicate clearly about expectation, issues and advice our stakeholders will be more likely to react and trust our company. . Feedback and performance appraisal Regular feedback combined with yearly performance appraisals is an effective tool for discussing performance issues objectively and specifically with staff. Effective planning increases the likelihood of success for a program while ineffective planning practices almost results in false starts and frustrations. When a group is awar e of the characteristics of effective planning and monitors the presence of these characteristics formally or informally, they will be a step closer to high quality program. Since it is formal and written, it acts as a guide management for example it can clarify staff expectations. Performance plan can also serve as a benchmark for next review period for setting another performance plan. But what is also important is consistency, coherence and a well coordinated performance plan. The most important stakeholder in the performance plan is the Staff Members, because it is then who will put it into practice. Hence, there should be sense of ownership and motivation. Part D E1 PC 1. 4 Read the case study. Write down your response to the task. Case study Courtney is responsible for managing a team of eight customer service officers who assist customers by telephone. The procedure for providing telephone service in this organisation is: * greet the customer by name * advise customer of your name * offer to assist them * ask permission before asking them questions * use the customer’s name * do not interrupt them or speak-over them * respect their privacy * be alert to any special needs that they may have * offer additional services where appropriate * thank them for their custom * check whether their needs have been satisfied. Develop a range of key performance indicators that would be suitable to monitor and report on the performance of customer service officers. If you are currently employed you may develop key performance indicators to measure performance in your own work team. Answer D The Key Performance Indicators are used to measure the performance of the organization and its staff. They determine the success of their operations. The key management issue is not what the numbers tells us about the performance but it is what we do with those numbers to resolve the issues that avoid us from performing properly our tasks. Courtney can monitor and report on the performance of her team by implementing as key indicators: * Time to answer a call * A call should be answered within the first 10 seconds. * This indicator will measure the time from which the call was received and the time at which the officer answered it. * It measures the customer service center performance rather than the performance of the officers themselves. * This performance indicator depends however on the availability of the officers to answer the calls when they are meant to do so. * Voice quality service This indicator depends on the quality of the call. If the line is of poor quality, the customers and the officers have to repeat themselves continuously and this may lead to high customer frustration and call abandonment. * This indicator will help to know if the technologic equipments are good enough or need to be upgrade or change to be able to treat more efficiently the quieries and reduce customer frustration and call abandonme nt. * Abandon calls * This indicator will measure the number of callers who disconnect, or are disconnected, before the calls reach the officers. It measures the customer service center performance rather than the performance of the officers themselves and is however related to Call Handling time. * Call Handling time * This indicator will be measured in seconds; it is the time that an officer will spend on the line with a customer. * The call handling time varies from call to call as it depends on the complexity of the caller’s issue. The more time an officer spend with one call, the less number of calls he/she will be able to treat during the day. * Average call handling time is also a metric for the customer center as a whole and for individuals’ teams. * First call Resolution This indicator will measure the number of issues resolved during the first call and that do not require either the customer to call back or an officer to make an outgoing call to the customer. * This indicator will be indirectly a measurement of the officer performance. The more knowledge the officer will have, more issues he/she will be able to resolve and the higher his/her FCR will be. But it is not an exact measurement because the caller could have call several times before having the right person on the line and the resolution of the call may require the action of someone else such as a supervisor or another department. FCR is difficult to accurately measure and should be evaluated with care. * Repeated calls * This indicator is to measure the number of call from customers who calls several times in order to obtain the assistance they are asking for and who did not get the answers or solutions the first time they called. * Transfer rate * In addition to FCR, this indicator will measure the percentage of calls that an officer has to transfer to someone else to complete; a supervisor or another department. * The reason for the transfer could be the officer’s fa ult or a request of the caller. * Redundant time/Idle time This indicator will measure the duration of the unused time the officers will take between two calls. * The idle time should not be more than 5mins, the officer should be able to computerize the information and at the same time give the information to the customer. * The more unused time an officer spend between two calls, the more calls are abandoned. * Hold-On time * This indicator will measure in seconds, the time the officer keeps a caller on hold during a call. * It may be the time needed to look something up or to talk to someone else to find an answer to the caller’s issue. The Hold-on time may not be more than 60 seconds. If after 60 seconds the officer has not yet find an answer he/she should take the line and tell the customer that he is still looking for a solution and ask politely to the customer to wait some more or tell him/she that he’s going to call him/her back. * Phone Etiquette * This will me asure the quality of the officer’s etiquette during the call. * It normally consists of a number of factors, sometimes weighted, that are checked off by a quality monitor listening to the call. The more factors that are checked off, the higher the officer score. These include items such as â€Å"greeted customer by name†, â€Å"spoke in a clear, calm voice†, and â€Å"repeated caller’s issue to verify understanding†. * Knowledge and Professionalism * This will measure the quality of the officer’s knowledge during the call. * Adherence to procedures * This will measure how well the officer followed the company’s procedures during the call i. e. : * greet the customer by name * advise customer of your name * offer to assist them * ask permission before asking them questions * use the customer’s name * do not interrupt them or speak-over them * respect their privacy * be alert to any special needs that they may have offer additional services where appropriate * thank them for their custom * check whether their needs have been satisfied. * Customer satisfaction * This will measure how well the officer treated the call. * It is related to the: * Time to answer a call * Voice quality service * First call Resolution * Hold-On time * Phone Etiquette * Knowledge and Professionalism * Adherence to procedures Reference: http://management. about. com/od/metrics/a/Call-Center-Kpi. htm Part E E 2 PC ALL 1. Describe the method you would use to communicate with your senior manager regarding an issue you have identified with the organisation’s standards or values. Answer E. 1 Method that I would use to communicate with my senior manager regarding issues in the organization standards or values would be face to face communication. Face to face communication is the process of sending and receiving message through verbal mean. Face to face communication, both the sender and the receiver can have an interaction, so both of the senior manager and me can exchange our opinion. If we send emails or through phone, message can be misinterpreted, so with face to face communication we can pass our message without changing its meaning. Face to face communication will help me to express my ideas, opinions and making my senior manager understand what the problem is about. As organization standard and values are confidential for an organization meeting face to face the senior manager will be a good option as face to face communication is a personal method. An immediate decision can be taken with face to face communication and we can also discuss over the problem. References: http://www. change communications. htm http://www. brightface-communication 2. How would you respond if you were required to behave in a way that did not align with your personal values? Answer E. If I were required to behave in a way that is not align with my personal values, I would try to bring my own culture and values to the organization where possible and try to implement the values into the organization. I can make a group of employees sit together and identify our common values and see if these values can be implemented in the organization . We can tell the employees to come and report without fear when they see an unethical behaviour. I will try to talk with my senior manager to explain him how we can find a solution to the problem Reference: http://humanresources. about. com. /od/leadership/aleader-values. htm 3. How would you model behaviours to team members that would encourage them to contribute to developing an organisation which has integrity and credibility? Answer E. 3 I would encourage my team members to help to contribute in an organization which has integrity and credibility by adopting the work policies and procedures of the organization. Policies mean the guideline adopted by an organization to reach its long term goals and procedures is the action taken to achieve the day to day operations. Thus the employees will follow the path. When I will communicate to my team members I will talk sense and objectively that is directly to the point. I have to talk honestly to my team member I will work with the company code of ethics, that is, principles and values that directs behaviour of what is good and bad. Also the code of conduct what is the dress code so as to set the examples for the team members. Whenever I have made a mistake I should take my responsibility and be truth towards the organization. As a good model to my team I should not accept gifts for my own benefits. I should not talk against the company in public this will bring the company a bad image and influence the employees to do so. Part F E 3 PC ALL Read the case study. Write down your response to the task. Case study Roshani is very concerned. Jordan is the newest member of the team, having recently completed his High School Certificate. Jordan came to Roshani’s office yesterday with a serious complaint. He received an email from a colleague yesterday that included sexually inappropriate material. Jordan surprises Roshani when he tells her that it is commonplace for the team to share inappropriate email jokes and to view inappropriate material on the Internet in the workplace. Jordan wants Roshani to make this behaviour stop without telling his colleagues that he has lodged a formal complaint. Roshani is keen to try the group problem-solving techniques that she has been exploring in her frontline management course. She organises a team meeting with the objective of having the team develop its own solution to this problem. You are to prepare a short report that describes how Roshani and her team could go about resolving the problem of inappropriate use of the Internet and email by team members. Your report should address the following: * gathering and organising relevant information * helping team member to make decisions * examining options and assessing risks * making timely decisions and communicating them preparing a plan to implement their decision * gathering feedback regarding the implementation and impact of the team’s decision. Answer F REPORT OXIDAM WINES To:| Staff members| From:| Roshani Appassamy – Frontline Manager of Oxidam Wines| Date:| 7th April 2013| Re:| Misuse of internet during working hours| Following the fact that it has been noted with much concern from last month IT analysis worksheet that certain employees share inappropriate email jokes and view sexual material on the Internet during office hours and the staff meeting held on 5th April 2013, please find below what have been discussed and agreed upon. It has been decided that the company’s computers must solely be used to: a) communicate and deliver timely information to the public b) perform research c) stay informed with current events affecting the job responsibilities d) communicate with fellow colleagues, business partners and clients e) communicate with family in case of emergency To avoid: a) misunderstandings and conflicts among the team b) colleagues feeling harassed c) computers and network infection by viruses d) tampering of important files and clients data ) crashed of the server It has been agreed that: a) â€Å"Chat Programs† like Yahoo Messenger or Microsoft Messenger are not permitted and should be removed immediately. b) â€Å"Chat Rooms† and other types of forums unless related to company research and are company approved, are not permitted. c) Social Networking such as Twitter, Facebook, etc. sites are absolutely not allowed. d) No â€Å"Porno† or other forms of â€Å"Adult Only. â €  Besides being offensive to employees and customers, it could be grounds for the company to be sued. We would hate for customers to think all we do is surf garbage. This will be grounds for immediate termination. e) â€Å"Personal† anything must be kept to a minimum on company computers. Lunch breaks are not â€Å"Surfing Breaks. † Some employees confessed that they were not aware of the company’s internet use policies as they did not read the code of ethic which was given to them. Most of them did know that the misuse of internet and sending inappropriate mails was punishable. A new copy of the code of Ethic will be given again to all members of the staff. A form will be attached to it. All employees are requested to read the policies and duly sign the form to acknowledge receipt. Should any employee infringe the company’s computer policies, this will lead to termination of employment without prior notice. A follow-up meeting is schedule for the 10th May 2013, please bring along your comments and any findings. Sources: http://www. iscnetwork. com/cutcosts/companypolicy. shtml â€Å"End of paper† How to cite Promote Team Effectiveness, Papers

Born to Be Leaders free essay sample

Managers are assumed to have leadership skills and works with employees who require them for vital support and assistance in their jobs. Managers are also responsible for improving and sustaining the performance and work efforts of others. The process of management, which includes – planning, organizing, leading and controlling, is the process that is used by all managers to recognize performance problems, opportunities, which allows them to make good judgment and achieve performance goals. In order to effectively follow the process of management, managers are required to have a set of skills. Essential managerial skills include the following – technical skill, human skill and conceptual skill. Technical skills are acquired through formal education and job experience. Tasks such as accounting or engineering are examples that requires technical skills hence highlights why training is important. The idea of human skill is the ability to work effectively with other people which accentuate the importance of communication skills of a manger. Lastly, conceptual skill is the ability to critically and analytically view situations and solve problems with a solution that is of the highest benefit for all parties. From the above, it is evident that a manager requires quite an amount of skills and as (Ryan, 2010) states, a manager is one that â€Å"must be a jack-of-all trades, but also a master of many†. The quality of being considerate through communication will now be examined to reveal if it is a skill that a manager is born with, or can it be achieved through training. Many believe that effective communication skills are something that can only be born within a person, which is only part true. It is indeed true that one can be born with exceptional communication skills, but effective communication skills is something that is earned and mastered over time. It is the experience of a manager that allows for effective communication which then leads to a considerate manager. This idea is supported by (Aimee, 2003) who believes that in areas such as business operations and project management, there is a necessity for technical communication to have more preparation and training. This emphasizes the fact that communication skills requires the proper training and is not a skill that one can be born with. Being knowledgeable and aware in decision making is a conceptual skill that is required of a good manager hence will be studied to expose if it is a skill that a manager is born with, or can it be attained through training. Firstly, it is known that with experience, one can improve and better adapt to sudden situations during the process of decision making. To avoid being clueless and become aware instead, â€Å"it requires the use of social skills to create effective working relationships throughout the company, networking skills to reach all areas of the organization, and technical knowledge to provide leadership when required (Cervone, 2008). This highlights that in order to acquire conceptual skills, the human skill of communication along with technical skills is also required and as seen in the above argument, it is evident that human skills require training and experience and once again highlight that managerial skills are something that needs to be trained, and not simply a s kill that one is born with. A manager requires technical skills such as accounting skills to keep track of possible project funds etc. Even though a manager has the ability to delegate tasks hence might not come in contact with much accounting processes, a manager still needs to be prepared to be approached with problems and also needs to verify there is nothing wrong with the project’s budget. Supported by (Ryan, 2010) in terms of library management, that â€Å"specialized training that was recognized as valuable by prospective employers† was used to better educate and equip managers with skills that they need. Also, â€Å"librarians experience a ready-made training plan for roles in library management and administration† (Ryan, 2010) to equip them with skills and knowledge that is needed. Aside from the three essential managerial skills, the most important feature of a manager in anyone’s mind would be leadership. The idea of leadership is, to lead a group of people or organization, or being in the position of a leader, to guide and enhance the performance of the group. By being a good leader, it will then put you into the position of a good manager. People have a common believe that a good manager must have good leadership skills and that if a manager is leading well, the manager is doing well, but people often ignore those who follow the leader, hence the idea of followership. Followership is basically a group of followers; to support the success of a leader or team. By stating to not forget about those who follow, it is suggesting that a manager who has superior leadership skills did not achieve this on his own, but credit should also go to the one who followed (Hollander, 1992). This highlights the idea that leadership does not exist without followership. Emphasizing that even if one is born with superior leadership skills, it does not matter because it’ll be useless without your followers, let alone the fact that no one can be born with leadership skills. Leadership cannot be born within a person; it is a trait that is developed over time, through experiences and training which then leads to a leader. It is notable that there are those who are not suitable to be leaders, but no one can be born as a leader, or manager, without the right training and experiences. The next topic that will be discussed will be the stereotype of â€Å"Men are born to be leaders/managers†. This idea was what many believed not so many years ago but is now being proven wrong as we see a rise in the number of women earning a higher management position all around the world (Kusterer, 2008). This just accentuates the idea that no one is born to be a manager, but rather, anyone can become a manager with the correct training. This table highlights the areas in which female managers excel over male in and emphasize the fact that female managers have their strong points as well; again emphasizing the idea that anyone can become a good manager despite gender differences with the correct training and education. Above are the arguments that have been presented with this essay. With the definitions of what a good manager is and what they do, to why managerial skills needs to be trained and not simply just a gift. Also, the idea that leadership is nothing without followership, to the overthrow of the old stereotype of â€Å"Men are born to be leaders†. All of the above arguments highlight how no manager can just be born with its abilities, and that all comes from training and experiences that will allow them to have the skills of a good manager. Bibliography Aimee, L 2003, the skills that technical communicators need: an investigation of technical communication graduates, managers, and curricula, Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 33, 4, pp. 303-318, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 September 2012. Hollander, EP 1992, The Essential Interdependence of Leadership and Followership, Current Directions In Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 1, 2, pp. 71-75, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 September 2012. KUSTERER, H 2008, Exploring the gender typing of management characteristics in an egalitarian context, Scandinavian Journal Of Psychology, 49, 6, pp. 549-557, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 September 2012. Cervone, H 2008, Good project managers are cluefull rather than clueless, OCLC Systems amp; Services, 24, 4, pp. 199-203, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 September 2012. Ryan, M 2010, Catching On: Management Training in Depository Libraries, Reference amp; User Services Quarterly, 50, 2, pp. 119-121, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 September 2012.

Ethics (Accounting) Case free essay sample

This paper seeks to answer given questions in the case study which include commenting on Jackie’s   behavior in relation to possible standards of ethical behavior she violated and evaluating the correctness of Brindon’s instincts and feeling about his reservations in analyzing the data   and the ethics of analyzing the data.   This will determine also whether IMA standards of ethical conduct apply to the issue on behavior. With the assumption that data were acquired by Bill from Jackie Wilson, has Jackie violated any of the ethical standards? Jackie’s behavior is unethical and she violated the standards   of confidentiality and integrity of the Institute of Management Accounts (IMA, 2008a).   Members of the   IMA via CMA certification as regulated by IMA profession are called upon to practice the highest ethical standards in the conduct of their affairs within and outside the premises of their employer. Before one becomes a CMA professional of which Jackie is a member, a pledge is made to adhere to said standards (IMA, 2008b), thus Jackie is bound to practice integrity and confidentiality in her employment with Killborn. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics (Accounting) Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2.2 Was Brindon correct is terms of his instincts and feeling of some reservation about analyzing the data.   Would it be ethical to analyze the date and do any IMA ethical standards apply? Brindon’s instincts were correct and his feeling of some reservations of analyzing the data is also valid for to do proceed with the analysis of date without verifying how the information was obtained   would amount to   consenting or condoning the unethical behavior committed by Jackie. The IMA standards of ethical conduct require the need maintain confidentiality and integrity (IMA, 2008a) while being members of the association.   If I were Brindon I would move for not conducting the meeting on the ground that doing so is violative of the IMA’s ethical standards of which I am also a member.   I would have to discuss   the matter first with Jackie as member of CMA about the consequences of using data from Killborn including the possible removal of Jackie from IMA on the ground of ethical violation. The decision that must be made is how to price the products of Thomas Electronics Division in relation to competitors including Killborn using the unethically obtained data from Killborn. Using the data could amount to unfair competition since it would be putting Killborn in a disadvantageous position with Thomas knowing the Killborn’s pricing scheme. The   primary stakeholders are the management, the association of the management accounts,   the stockholders as well as investing public. Each of the stakeholders mentioned has a stake on the decision. The alternatives by Brindon and the possible consequences are as follows: First Brindon, should stop proceeding with Bill by advising the latter that Brindon could also be violating some ethical standards. Brindon could possibly lose his job if does it wrongly to Bill. He must therefore practice tact and professionalism in voicing his objection to the use of data.   Second, Brindon could proceed using the data and he risks the penalty of   being discharged from the IMA but he could keep his employment with Thomas Electronics. The primary stakeholders would be affected in such a way that the company will lose its integrity in dealing with the public, and the CMA standards would be compromised. The stockholders could be consenting unethical practice by management and investing public may refuse to deal with the company in the future. The action that must be chosen is just to stop analyzing the data because of the question of ethical standards being violated. Ethical standards are meant to serve a good purpose to organizations, they should not be taken lightly.   The risks that may be caused by not using the data might not be that fatal to Thomas Electronics as there are other sources of data to price competitively its products. The benefits of this course action would mean preserving what is good and ideal for the company and the company could be   benefiting more in the long run when it will have transaction with different parties – that is, the company has credibility and can be trusted accordingly. 3. Conclusion The   best decision is one which would uphold the ethics of the profession since the said standard ethics were precisely made for the benefits of the members of CMA, the stockholders,   the investing public and whole clientele which the profession intends to serve. Complying with requirements of the ethical standard would keep the integrity of the company intact and it would do more good to the company in the long run in keeping its image unscathed to the investors and the public. To be known as ethical company would do most to stakeholders and would fulfill the company’s requirement for corporate governance and attain its mission and vision. Reference: Case study- Managerial Decision Case 3-28 IMA (2008a) Statement of Ethical Professional Practice, {www document} URL http://www.imanet.org/about_ethics_statement.asp, Accessed September 14, 2008. IMA (2008b) Why Should I get my CMA, {www document} URL, http://www.imanet.org/about_faqs.asp, Accessed September 15,2008-09-15

Essay on Definition of TerrorismEssay Writing Service

Essay on Definition of TerrorismEssay Writing Service Essay on Definition of Terrorism Essay on Definition of TerrorismThe term terrorism has become especially actual and meaningful in our society because of the terrorist acts which occur in different corners of the planet nowadays. So, its definition must be understandable and precise and clearly identify the kind of crime which falls under this definition for the appropriate reaction and punishment. In order to make my own definition, it is necessary to analyze the most famous and reliable ones.There are different definitions in different federal and international communities. However, let’s take definitions suggested by the influential American instances, such as the U.S. Department of State and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). FBI presents its definition of terrorism: its unlawful violence against people or property in order to force the government or separate individuals to fulfill terrorists’ requirements. According to the U.S. Code terrorism is a purposeful premeditated violence against u narmed people or targets usually committed by subnational groups in order to have political or other influence. Despite some not so much meaningful differences, both definitions state that terrorism presupposes the usage of force or the further political or social pressure.The U.S. Code goes further and divides the term terrorism into two notions: â€Å"domestic terrorism† and â€Å"international terrorism†. Both kinds of terrorism possess the following common characteristics: terrorism is aimed to 1) intimidate civilian people; 2) have influence on the government using force and intimidation; 3) commit terrorist actions, such as kidnapping, mass destruction and assassination in order to force the government to fulfill the requirements (What International Terrorism means, 2002). The only difference is that international terrorism occurs outside the U.S. territorial jurisdiction and domestic terrorism takes place within the territorial jurisdiction of the States.Analyzi ng all the information listed above I would suggest such a definition: terrorism is a deliberate usually armed act of violence committed against citizens or property in order to make them or the government accept terrorists’ requirements. Terrorist acts usually occur on the political, ethnical or religious ground. It was comparatively easy for me to make a definition of terrorism because there are so many reliable sources on this topic and this theme is of great interest for me.The War on Terrorism and Limitation on Human RightsIt goes without saying that fight against terrorism is one of the crucial tasks of the American government. Terrorism is a real threat today and protection of the national interests and American citizens is the full responsibility of the American government and law.   However, it is necessary to find a   Ã‚  balance between the war on terrorism and limitations on people’s rights and freedoms as a result of this war.As a reaction to the event s of September 11, 2001 there have been signed two acts – the USA Patriot Act and Homeland Security Act, which were intended to decrease the threat of terrorism.   However, these acts on the contrary threaten and limit civil rights of the American population. â€Å"The Patriot Act, overwhelmingly passed by Congress after September 11, 2001, alarms the American Civil Liberties Union, The Washington Post, the New York Times, government officials in 152 communities, and three states that have passed resolutions condemning this emergency measure† (Zirin, 2004). According to the Patriot Act, the government is allowed to collect business records, have an access to e-mail and Internet communications, use wiretaps, have secret searches and some other points which neglect rights and freedoms of every citizen proclaimed by the First, Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution – the highest legal law in America. The Homeland Security Act has been aimed to predict, p revent and get ready for terrorist act, however, in fact also limits people’s rights. Racial profiling and additional safety precautions are also among measures which have been taken in the frame of the War on Terrorism.In my opinion, the War on Terrorism is a necessity in the modern society but it is very important to be very careful in this question. Fighting against terrorism, suspecting every citizen and neglecting basic civil rights may cause people’s reaction which could be much more dangerous for the American society than even terrorist threat. So, the government should carry out a very wise policy considering this topic.The Threat of ISIS and the Governmental PolicyThe Islamic State terrorist Group, shortly called ISIS or ISIL is the organization which commits terroristic acts and its name is associated with violence, massacres, beheadings and violation of human rights. Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham which was officially proclaimed in April this year and cou nts several thousand people is the most fanatical and radical organization today. Earlier it was known as Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad or Al-Qaeda.The main threat of this group is not just in committing of terroristic acts but also in recruiting of new members in the Islamic world and stirring hatred, fomenting violence and developing misunderstanding on ethnic grounds. Non-human behavior, neglecting of human rights and freedoms, as well as bloody massacres is a threat to the entire humanity, not just the United States.Today not just the United States but also a lot of other countries, including Switzerland which usually stays neutral in all armed affairs, try to coordinate their forces and fight this threat together: â€Å"Speaking at a security conference in Berlin, EU Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini said the Euro-Mediterranean code of conduct could trigger a breakthrough in UN efforts to agree on a definition of terrorism and a code of conduct for governments worldwide (Anti- Terrorism Code Is Adopted, 2005). It goes without saying that methods used by the States and Europe are sometimes questionable but the main point is that such kind of organization cannot be left without control. Terroristic organization left on its own is the threat for the entire humanity and only active and strong position may be effective in this fight.

Personal&Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal&Professional Development - Essay Example I should not wait for a prompt to do action. I should be able to initiate it especially if I want my team to do the same. Creating an action plan for both myself and for my team will clearly guide everyone of the expected outcomes and there is no excuse to just wait for the others and waste time. As a manager, I should be aware not only of my own learning style but that of my team members’ so we can figure out a way to work together better. Learning Style (Honey & Mumford 1986) Reflective Practice (Schon 1983) Stages of Reflection (Moon 1999) Interpersonal Interaction Managing Conflicts I come from a very peace-loving family. We get to resolve our personal issues quickly. However, stepping into the real world entails knowing how to adapt to various personalities and being able to manage the conflicts that may inevitably crop up. I am inconsistent in my competence in handling conflicts, and that depends on the gravity of the issue and the strength of the personalities and the p ositions of the people involved. A manager needs know how to establish and maintain harmonious relationships with diverse people and groups. He possesses high emotional intelligence, maturity and understanding of people coming from various backgrounds and temperaments. To quote Buckingham & Coffman (1999) again, â€Å"The key to excellent performance, of course, is finding the match between your talents and your role.† A manager should know how to blend the talents and personalities of his team. Mastering such combinations will result in excellent performance of the whole team. Styles of Managing Interpersonal Conflict (Ruble & Thomas 1976) First, break all the rules: What the world's greatest managers do differently. (Buckingham & Coffman, 1999) Strategies and techniques for self-development Reflective Thinking From my youth, I have come to value self-introspection. I always analyze the things I have done, have said and have felt and thought to be lessons for me to learn fro m. This greatly helps me in my next moves. Most of the time when I do reflect on my actions, I come up with the right outcomes. As for my weaknesses, I need to keep reflecting on my performance to know where I need improvement on. My self-evaluation will help me identify these weaknesses and turn them into strengths. I know I am continuously evolving, and self-actualization is my goal. I need to be able to encourage my team members to likewise be more reflective in their tasks as this leads to good planning and foresight necessary in accomplishing goals successfully. Reflective Practice (Schon 1983) Stages of Reflection (Moon 1999) Learning Cycle (Kolb 1984) Personal leadership approaches Empowerment I am known to be an encourager and people have told me I have the ability to bring out the best in them. This may be due to the positive disposition I have that I mostly focus on the goodness and the potentials of people instead of their flaws. I, myself would want to be led by someone who inspires me to be better and not to settle for mediocrity. I believe that a manager should be an enabler. He sees the potentials of the people under him and harnesses their strengths. People may manifest varying degrees of greatness. The manager sees

Factors To Consider In Setting Up A Business Essay

Factors To Consider In Setting Up A Business - Essay Example In addition, Lawrence (2013) a lawyer from a foundation that gives legal advice, suggested that when one is considering a structure for his business, promoter should consider who will own the business and what the activities will be. His choice of business structure will also depend on the type of business proposed, financial needs, and number of owners. In a separate standpoint, MacFarland, (1974, pp 60-61) said businesses are always profit seeking ventures, and as such considerations should also be given to customers perceptions. He said that a lot of businesses fail because of lack of capital, business knowledge, and inefficiency in management. Above views have been supported in the work of Dorman (2011). However, she adds business planning as an important element in business decisions. A business plan is more of a statement of goals and action plan needed to achieve them. Other organizations stated economic factors as underlying principle for choices. The Forestry Dept of FAO (20 05) cited that external, internal and individual factors determine the structure of an organization. External factors are concerns in the environment which are not under the control of owners. These are economic, socio-economic and administrative factors that could affect structure. Internal factors are purpose and organizational instruments while individual choices refer to costs and benefits. Options people have when making decisions to organize Answers to above factors will solidify the type of business structure to be organized on whether it will be a sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited liability company, or a corporation since every structure has advantages and disadvantages. When one chooses an option he thinks is needed for the business, proponent should prepare himself of potential risks and liabilities, the investment needs, costs of maintaining the business structure and framework of income tax. Evaluating these decisions when a new business is starting up Be fore anything else, the proponent must have a personal assessment of his strength and weaknesses and must have a definite goal to success. Stephenson, (n.d.) of the Entrepreneur Magazine, stated that for someone to succeed in business, he must enjoy what he is doing because his satisfaction will be manifested in the success of the business. The owner must take the business seriously and must also believe in the products or services he is selling. The owner must be able to make plans, direct, and above all manage his money wisely. When the proponent is starting with a little budget, the decision to start with sole proprietorship or a general partnership seem logical because he will find it easy to set up, since it only needs one person to organize. He does not need to report to anybody as he is the boss. Sole proprietorship is simplified as it is not required to fill up many government documentations, follow specific rule, aside from having lower taxes. Mconnon (n.d.) said many small businesses started this way then later on changed structure of ownership as it grows. However, sole proprietorship is not free from headaches, as succession is not clear; there is a risk of losing business in case of death and total disability. Sole proprietorship finds it difficult to attract investors, thus it has limited financial resources. Owner has total personal liability on its debts and obligations; while profits are taxed as personal income. General partnership In order to augment owners’ capital, he/she may invite a partner into the business. This way, a general partnership is formed wherein both agree to share in capital and management of business. In general partnersh

Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted - Essay Example The article ‘Small Change: Why the revolution will not be tweeted?’ by Malcolm Gladwell broadly conforms to the belief that change movements need to be backed by the disciplined hierarchical authority with centralized control. It helps in running the movement for a sustained period of time to achieve desired goals and objectives. The people need to be involved physically and emotionally with the cause so that they can relate to it. ‘Strong ties’ connects people. He says the success of the Civil Rights Movement was because people were also emotionally connected with the issue and were guided by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Church. There was no ambiguity in the way it was to be carried out which made it more focused and easily sustainable for a long time if required. Author denigrates the importance of social networking media in ushering social changes within society. His main contention is that it has a short span of memory for important issues and it is no t backed by a personal commitment to the cause.The article has used comparative secondary resources to understand and emphasize the paradigms of social change. He especially discusses the role of social networking media as against personal and more traditional means of social activism which directly juxtaposes political authority and popular will. The case of Greensboro, North Carolina has been used to showcase the power of people. The movement was started by just four college students as a sit-in Woolworth’s but within a week, spread like wildfire to encompass hundreds of students across wider geographical areas. The Civil Rights Movement had also huge participation of people, dragging on for years with the same zeal and culminating in the Civil Rights Act.

Gender Differences In The Experience Of Body Image Psychology Essay

Gender Differences In The Experience Of Body Image Psychology Essay Gender differences in the experience of body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders Although in the past decades psychologists have conducted little research on males and body image, it has only been within the past 10-15 years that adequate studies have been completed (Cafri et al., 2005). As asserted by Kevin Thompson, Leslie Heinberg, Madeline Altabe and Stacey Tantleff-Dun (1999) most research pertaining to body image has been dominated by females, focusing on the female ideal for thinness, and predicting the development of eating disorders (McCreary, 2007). New research on males reveals that body image and eating disorder concerns are not limited to only females (Olivardia, 2000). Do males and females experience body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders the same? Through comparisons of studies of females and males with body image dissatisfaction and eating disorder it is argued that there is less than a difference in than popularly perceived. There are several sources for body image dissatisfaction (BID), but the most influential is the media exposure of women and men to cultural ideals that are often unattainable (Dalley, Buunk, Umit, 2009). Simon Dalley, Abraham Buunk and Turual Umit (2009) assert that media exposure is a form of social comparison that is spontaneous, effortless and unintentional. Self evaluation is created through contrast with the target, which are thinner media images. Kevin Thompson and Leslie Heinberg (1999) affirm that although there are individual variations in the internalization of the media pressures, investigations show that the media is a significant factor developing eating disorders. Eating disorders are classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, (DSM IV-TR1) as syndromes characterized by disturbances in eating behaviour, accompanied by grief /extreme concern about body shape and or weight, which are sub-categorized by anorexia nervosa, bulimi a and eating disorders not otherwise specified (Levenson, 2005). Eating disorders commonly occur in industrial cultures where there is access to food and thinness is considered attractive. Due to globalization, eating disorders are quickly spreading around the world, but they are most common in predominately Caucasian developed nations such as United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa (Fairburn Harrison, 2003). Body Image Dissatisfaction in Females Body image dissatisfaction is a significant predictor of eating behaviours in females (Dalley, Bunnk Umit, 2009). Although there are several sources that create body image dissatisfaction (BID), the most influential is the media which exposes women to cultural thin ideals that are often unattainable. While there are individual differences that influence that impact of exposure to thin ideals, many researchers have concluded that there is a distinct correlation between thin media exposure and female BID (Dalley, Bunnk Umit, 2009). Kimberly Vaughan and Gregory Fouts (2003) reported that the â€Å"ultra-slender ideal-body image† that is depicted within media texts is 15% below the weight of an average woman, and 90% of female models are below average weight. Combined with the unrealistically thin ideals represented by female models, digital enhancement of images adds to unattainable standards. Sonia Tucci and Jennifer Peters (2008) noted that high levels of body dissatisfactio n are associated with emotional distress, appearance rumination and cosmetic surgery. In a study conducted at the University of Liverpool of female students between the ages of 18 and 25 years it was found that exposure to thin-ideals in media images reduces body satisfaction scores (Tucci Peters, 2008). The opposite was found when the same participants were exposed to images of larger models, resulting in an increase of body satisfaction scores. Tucci and Peters (2008) additionally found that eating disorders, the drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction increased after the subjects were shown thin images. â€Å"Fat talk† is a notable subject in discussing body image dissatisfaction. As first suggested by Mimi Nichter (2000), â€Å"fat talk† is the tendency of females to belittle their bodies by claiming they are fat, even when it is not true. Although Nichter (2000) describes the social value of fat talk as a way for girls to bond through socially expected gender roles (dieting, weight loss and the pre-occupation of the body), â€Å"fat talk† creates body image dissatisfaction regardless of the initial reason for engaging (Tuckers, Martz, Curtin Bazzini, 2007). Katheryn Tucker, Denise Martz, Lisa Curtin and Doris Bazzinis (2007) study of south-eastern American university female students, found that personal body image dissatisfaction is influenced by the social norms of â€Å"fat talk†. These findings suggest that regardless of actual body image dissatisfaction, there is a normative unhappiness of body size in women, which further is increased by the pres sure to perform â€Å"fat talk†. Eating Disorders in Females Nancy Moses, Mansour-Max Banilivy and Fima Lifshitz (1989) conducted a study that examined the perception of weight, dieting and nutrition among adolescent high school girls in comparison to their body weight. The subjects reported a high concern with obesity regardless of their current body weight and nutrition knowledge. Over half of the underweight (anthropometric measured) sub-category of females (51%) described themselves as having an extreme fear of being overweight. The underweight category also reported having a pre-occupation with body fat (36%). Although normal and overweight girls were better able to perceive their actual body weight for height, the frequency of reported binge eating, and vomiting behaviours was similar among all three groups (underweight, normal weight and overweight). Moses, Banilivy and Lifshitz (1989) concluded that a fear of obesity and eating disorders were common amongst adolescent girls despite of body weight and knowledge of nutrition. Eating disorders are also evident in women attending college. Dean Krahn, Candance Kurth, Edith Gomberg and Adam Drewnowski (2005), reported that due to the intensity and frequency of college women dieting behaviour, two-thirds are at risk for eating disorders. A study conducted at a large Midwestern university of 324 female students concluded that a high proportion (49%) of subjects report binge eating, and/or compensatory behaviours such as excessive exercise at least once a week (Berg, Frazier Sherr, 2009). Non-purging compensatory behaviours (excessive exercise and fasting) are the most common form of eating disorder behaviours. Kelly Berg, Patricia Frazier and Laura Sherr (2009) also established that there are high rates of binge eating amongst female students but in contrast, purging behaviours (vomiting, laxative use, diuretics) were executed less frequently. Very little research has examined sexual orientation in a relation to eating disorders in females. i) Body Image Dissatisfaction in Males Unlike females desire to obtain thinness, men experience anguish when they perceive their body to be underweight (Olivardia, Pope, Borowiecki Cohane, 2004). Roberto Olivardia (2007) found that the male desire is to obtain a lean muscular physique (mesomorphic body type), which is produced by Western ideals (McCreary, 2007). In a study conducted by Christopher Ochner, James Gray and Katrina Brickner (2009) of male students attending a Mid-Atlantic college, it was found that body dissatisfaction was present in the male population through the desire for an increase in muscle gain (86%), as measured by the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale. While much of the sample wanted to gain more muscle, 34% also wanted to gain weight, and 31% wanted to lose weight. Only 34% of the subjects were happy with their current weight (Ochner, Gray Brickner, 2009). In order to obtain a muscular physique with little body fat men engage in such practices as steroid use, ephedrine use, and dieting (Cafri et a l., 2005). The use of illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) is reported to be between 3% to 12% of American adolescent males. A study conducted at examining legal steroids, also known as prohormones revealed that the lifetime use is 4.5% in adolescent males (Cafri, Thompson Yesalis, 2004). Harrison Pope, Amanda Gruber, Precilla Choi, Roberto Olivardia and Katharine Phillips (1997) make known a form of body dysmorphic disorder called â€Å"muscle dysmorphia†. Men who suffer from muscle dysmorphia are concerned that they are not large or muscular enough. In order to create a desirable physique, men participate in obsessive weight lifting and dieting, which still does not eliminate the distress of being too small (Pope et al., 1997). Precilla Choi, Harrison Pope and Roberto Olivardia (2002) conducted a small sample of weightlifters with and without muscle dysmorphic disorder. The men with muscle dsymorphic disorder reported significantly higher body image dissatisfaction, a s well as reporting frequent thoughts about their muscularity, and missed social opportunities for working out (Choi, Pope Olivardia, 2002). Men commented on concealing their appearances through clothing, checking mirrors and the use of steroids, all contributing to the experience of body dissatisfaction through body dysmorphic disorder (Choi, Pope Olivardia, 2002). Eating Disorders in Males Previously noted research in male body image is a relatively new area; the same pertains to eating disorders. Daniel Carlat, Carlos Camargo, and David Herzog (1997) assert that information on eating disorders in males inadequate and often restricted to small cases studies. Although research is restricted, eating disorders are not unusual in males (Carlat, Camargo Herzog, 1997). Differences have been found in the ways that homosexual and heterosexual men experience eating disorders, and body perception (Harvey Robinson, 2003). Unlike women who use eating disorders to obtain thinness, men strive for a lean body mass (Harvey Robinson, 2003). For this reason the criteria in diagnosing eating disorders in males is unlike females. Jeffery Harvey and John Robinson (2003) discuss how abuse of steroids and dietary supplement is examined. A 1993 study conducted by Cliff Sharp, Stella Clark, Julie Dunan, Douglas Blackwood and Colin Shapiro (1994) on 24 male anorexics, notes that eating diso rders emerge at an older age in males than in females, and men display similar behaviours of binge eating, vomiting and anxiety towards eating. Sharp, Clark, Dunan, Blackwood and Shapiro (1994) also concluded that men display a lower use of laxatives, sexual fears and higher amounts of excessive exercising. The high amounts of exercising are discussed in the context of the high male gender roles and standards set for athleticism in society. Thus Sharp, Clark, Dunan, Blackwood and Shapiro (1994) emphasized that excessive physical activity is more socially acceptable as a means of weight control in order for males to obtain a lean physique. Carlat, Camargo and Herzogs (1997) sample size of 135 males concluded that bulimia nervosa is the most common eating disorder, affecting 46% of males. An alarming 32% of the males suffered symptoms of eating disorders not otherwise specified. Only 2% of the males were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Significantly noted, binge eating affected 11 patients. A study conducted by Daniel Carlat, Carlos Camargo and David Herzog (1997) revealed that a high number of males suffering with eating disorders are of homosexual orientation. Although only a small portion of the population identifies themselves as homosexual (3-5%), Arnold Anderson suggests that a quarter of these men may have an eating disorder (Anderson, 1999). The risks of developing eating disorders are higher for homosexual males due to the overall less satisfaction with their bodies (Herzog, Newman Warshaw, 1991). In a nonclinical sample of 43 homosexual and 32 heterosexual males by David Herzog, Kerry Newman and Meredith Wa rshaw (1991) it was found that although males in both sexual orientations current and ideal bodies selected were similar, homosexual males aspired for a physique that was underweight. The researchers attribute this desire to place men at a higher risk of developing eating disorders. Harvey and Robinson (1999) contribute the differences between homosexual and heterosexual males and the development of eating disorders are due to the societal factors surrounding the gender roles of masculinity and femininity. Looking at both Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in males and females are experience in different ways. As noted by Christine Knauss, Susan Paxtaon and Francois Alsaker (2007), females strive for thinness while males have a goal to lose or gain weight or gain more lean muscle. Although there has not been subsequent research examining the causes of gender difference in body dissatisfaction, Nita McKinely (1999) emphasises that there is larger socio-cultural demand for females to be physically attractive in Western societies, therefore creating greater body dissatisfaction amongst girls and women. Although researchers argue that there are greater media influences on females to obtain thinness (Vaughn Fouts, 2003), males also undergo similar influences but with lean, muscular physiques (Olivardia, 2007). Over time males have been exposed to an increasingly muscular body that is contributes to higher numbers of males experiencing body image dissatisfaction (Olivardia, Pope, Borowiecki Cohane , 2004). Neala Ambrosi-Randic (2000) conducted a study on children aged 5-6 years as to their perceptions of both current and ideal body size. Ambrosi-Randic (2000) had the children indicate current and desired body size on a picture of male and female figures pre-adolescent in age. Sex differences were found in the ideal figure in females, with the girls preferring a thinner figure than boys. A 2007 study by Knauss, Paxtaon and Alsaker examined the relationships between body dissatisfaction and the internalization as well as pressure of media images in both sexes. Through a sample of 1610 adolescent males and males from different schools and socioeconomic status regions in Switzerland, the researchers found that girls felt that there is more pressure from the media to achieve ideals (d=.36), as well there is a higher internalization of body ideals (d=.37) (Knauss, Paxtaon Alsaker, 2007). Predictors of body dissatisfaction also have sex differences. Girls reveal a high correlation between body dissatisfaction and internalization (.62), and internalization and pressure (.71). A medium strength correlation is scored between BMI and body dissatisfaction (.38) and a low strength between internalization and BMI and pressure (.22). Boys displayed a medium correlation between body dissatisfaction and internalization (.38) and dissatisfaction and pressure (.41). Internalization and pressure scored a high correlation (.55), while BMI and internalization, as well as pressure and body dissatisfaction were low (.07). Knauss, Paxtaon and Alsaker (2007) concluded that there is a variance in body dissatisfaction between girls and boys, with female subjects displaying a higher overall body dissatisfaction than boys. Females internalize and feel more pressure from media ideals than boys. Males as well as females body dissatisfaction can be predicted by internalization, pressure, and BMI (Knauss, Paxtaon Alsaker, 2007). In a study examining university students from a Midwestern university, gender differences in body dissatisfaction was examined (Penkal Kurdek, 2007). It was found that women had a stronger dissatisfaction with middle parts of the body such as waist, stomach as was as display higher levels of physique anxiety. Males have a stronger dissatisfaction with facial parts (Penkal Kurdek, 2007). Jessica Lynn Penkal and Lawrence Kurdek attribute males higher dissatisfaction with facial body parts due to the evidence that women describe facial characteristics as an important desirable body characteristic (2007). In a 2004 Youth Risk behaviour study conducted by Grunbaum et al. it was reported that females engage in more eating disorder behaviours then males. Grunbaum et al. (2004), found that 29.6% of students reported themselves as being overweight, but the prevalence in females (36.1%) was much higher than males. This is not to say that males do not perceive themselves to be overweight as 23.5% of interviewed men claim to be fat (Grunbaum ,2004). In a 1989 groundbreaking meta-analysis by Geroge Hsu, asserted that eating disorders are more prevalent in women due to greater dysmorphia, poor self image and body concept, and role confusion that can occur during adolescent years. Hsu (1989) analysis revealed that over all females have higher rates of eating disorders, in a female to male ratio of 10 to 1. Although Hsus study is over 20 years old, he raise several questions that researchers are currently examining, such as the socio-cultural pressures to be thin, why there are higher occurrences in adolescents as a part of self and body concepts, identity formation and reasons for overall increase prevalence in women. Jeffery Harvey and John Robinson (2003) suggest that symptoms of eating disorders are similar between men and women but anorexia nervosa is the most challenging to diagnose in males due to amenorrhea being one of the critical warning signs in women. Amenorrhea is usually one of the first discovered symptoms of eating disorders, therefore for this reason men are often overlooked (Harvey Robinson, 2003). Another critical difference between the ways that women and men experience eating disorders is men often believe that their body is not too thin, while women continue to believe that they overweight (body dysmorphia) (Harvey Robinson, 2003). Establishing the prevalence of eating disorders in adolescents of both genders, Einar Kjelsà ¥s, Christian Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m and Gunnar Gà ¶testam (2004) examined 1960 adolescents (1026 girls and 934 boys), 14 to 15 years of age. According to the diagnosing criteria in the DSM-IV and DSM-III-R, females experience a higher lifetime prevalence of all eating disorders (17.9%, 18.6%), anorexia nervosa (0.7%), bulimia nervosa (1.2%, 3.6%), binge eating disorder (1.5%) and eating disorders otherwise not specified (14.6%, 12.9%) (Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m Gà ¶testam, 2004). Although males did not display the same prevalence of eating disorders (6.5%), Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m, and Gà ¶testam (2004) found high numbers of boys with anorexia nervosa (0.2%), bulimia nervosa (0.4%, 0.6%), binge eating disorder (0.9%) and eating disorders otherwise not specified (5.0%, 4.%). Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m and Gà ¶testam (2004) final ratio results for eating disorders in female to males was 2.8:1, anorexia nervosa 3.5:1. Bulimia nervosa revealed a ratio of female to male of 2:1, while females and males were closely diagnosed with binge eating, with a ratio of 1.7:1. Eating disorders otherwise specific female to male ratio was 2.9:1. The total number of girls who thought they were very/slightly obese was 32.3% while only 2.6% were classified as obese (Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m Gà ¶testam, 2004). Only 15.9% of males reported perceiving themselves as very/slightly obese, while 5.1% were classified as obese. Both sexes displayed subjects who considered themselves as obese when classified as underweight or normal weight, girls 74.3% and boys 62.1% displaying distinct body image dissatisfaction (Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m Gà ¶testam , 2004). Conclusion Females appear to be at a greater risk for developing body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders through the internalization and pressure from the media (Knauss, Paxtaon Alsaker, 2007) and a higher socio-cultural demand to be physically attractive (McKinely, 1999). Although research predominately examines females, males should not be forgotten. As asserted by Olivardia (2007), males also undergo similar influences by the media. Both men and women experience anxiety towards their body, but it is experienced in different ways, therefore body dissatisfaction and eating disorders are not the same in the sexes. Females have an overwhelming desire to obtain thinness often through calorie restriction, excessive exercise and fasting (Berg, Frazier Sherr, 2009). Males desire is to attain a lean, muscular physique (Olivardia, 2007), therefore engage in such practices dieting, exercise and more dangerously steroid and ephedrine use (Harvey Robinson, 2003). In order to fully answer whether males and females experience body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders the same more research needs to be conducted examining males, body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Additionally several factors should be taken into account while conducting such research. Body dissatisfaction and eating disorder research often uses the self-report method, therefore under or over reporting is subject to occur. Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m and Gà ¶testam (2004) discuss the complications in creating survey questionnaires that are concise but can discriminate those with and without eating disorders in difference sexes. Females might over-report the rates of body dissatisfaction due to engaging in the socially valuable â€Å"fat talk†, as first asserted by Mimi Nitcher (2000). It has also been noted that when self reporting on body dissatisfaction males answers are superficial because they do not feel that the content applies to them (Kjelsà ¥s, Bjà ¸rnstrà ¸m Gà ¶testam, 2004). Many of the studies on body dissatisfaction and eating disorders use Caucasian students. This is disconcerting because the subjects are apart small population (Caucasian, educated) to draw conclusions upon. Future research needs to completed to investigate not only male body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, but also race, age and different socioeconomic statuses. Extreme dieting, supplement use and other new methods of weight loss (ex. infrared sauna) should be closely examined in future research in both males and females to understand if there are new trends in body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. References Andersen, A. (1999). Eating disorders in gay males. Psychiatric Annals, 29, 206-212. Ambrosi-Randic, N. (2000). Perception of current and ideal body size in preschool age children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90(3:1), 885-889. Berg, K.C., Frazier, P. Sherr, L. (2008). Change in eating disorder attitudes and behavior in college women: Prevalence and predictors. Eating Behaviours, 10(3), 137-142. Cafri, G., Thompson, J.K., Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M., Smolak, L. Yesalis, C. (2005). Pursuit of the muscular ideal: Physical and psychological consequences and putative risk factors. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 215-239. Carlat, D.K., Camargo, C.A. Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating disorders in males: A report on 135 patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(8), 1127- 1132. Choi, P.Y.L., Pope, Jr. H.G. Olivardia, R. (2002). Muscle dysmorphia: a new syndrome in weightlifters. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36, 375-377. Fairburn, C.G. Harrison, P.J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet ,(361) 9355, 407-416. Grunbaum, J.A., Kann, L., Kinchen, J., Ross, J. et al. (2004). Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance (Abridged). The Journal of School Health, 74(8), 307-324 Harvey, J.A. (2003). Eating disorders in men: Current considerations. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medial Settings, 10(4), 297-306. Harvey, J.A. Robinson, J.D. (2002). Eating disorders in men: Current considerations. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 10(4), 397-306 Herzog, D. B., Newman, B. A. Warshaw, M. (1991). Body image dissatisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual males. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170, 356-359. Hsu, G.L.K. (1989). 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The Muscular Ideal: Psychological, Social, and Medical Perspectives (pp. 265). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. McKinley, N.M. (1999).Women and objectified body consciousness: Mothers and daughters body experience in cultural, developmental, and familial context. Developmental Psychology, 35, 760-769. Moses, N., Banilivy, M.M. Lifshitz, F. (1989). Fear of obesity among adolescent girls. Pediatrics, 83, 393-398. Nichter, M. (2000). Fat Talk: What girls and their parents say about dieting. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Ochner, C.N., Gray, J.A. Brickner, K. (2009). The development and initial validation of a new measure of male body dissatisfaction. Eating Behaviors, 10, 197-201. Olivardia, R. (2004). Body Dysmorphic Disorder. In K.J. Thompson (Ed.), Handbook of eating disorders and obesity (pp. 543-561). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Inc. Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G., Borowiecki, J. J. Cohane, G. H. (2004). Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptoms. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 5, 112−120. Penkal, J.L. Kurdek, L.A. (2007). Gender and race differences in young adults body dissatisfaction. Personality and Individual Difference, 43, 2270-2281. Pope, Jr, H.G., Gruber, A.J., Choi P. Phillips, K.A. (1997). Muscle dysmorphia. An underrecognized form for body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics, 38, 548-577. Sharp, C.W., Clark, S.A., Dunan, J.R., Blackwood, D.H.R. Shapiro, C.M. (1994). Clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa in male: 24 new cases. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15( 2) 125-134. Thompson, J.K. Heinberg, L.J. (1999). The medias influence on body image disturbance and eating disorders: Weve reviled them, now can we rehabilitate them? Journal of Social Issues, 55(2), 339-353. Thompson, K.J., Heinberg, L.J., Altabe, M. Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). 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The Rate of Reaction Of Metals with Acids :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The Rate of Reaction Of Metals with Acids Introduction In this investigation I will be looking at the rate of reaction between a metal, which will be magnesium ribbon, and an acid. The acids will either be hydrochloric, ethanoic, sulphuric or phosphoric acid. I will be finding out if the activation energy changes depending on whether a strong or weak acid is used. I will also be investigating whether or not there is a change in the order of reaction if a dibasic acid is used instead of a monobasic acid. Planning This investigation is therefore split up into separate experiments. Experiment 1 is to find the activation energy for the reactions between hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon, then ethanoic acid and magnesium ribbon. The only way to find the activation energy is to time how long it takes for the reaction to complete at different temperatures. Experiment 2 is to find the order of reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid, then sulphuric acid. There are several methods that can be used to find the order of reaction:  · I could use an excess of magnesium ribbon and note down how much gas has evolved every 10 seconds until the reaction has finished.  · I could repeat the same procedure as above, but with an excess of acid instead of magnesium ribbon.  · I could use an excess of acid and change the concentration, this would not require the reaction to be completed so I would have to time how long it takes for a set amount of hydrogen gas to form. There are several chemical equations that are relevant to this investigation:- Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4 + H2(g) Mg(s) + 2CH3CO2H(aq) Mg(CH3CO2)2(aq) + H2(g) 3Mg(s) + 2H3PO4(aq) Mg3(PO4)2(aq) + 3H2(g) In my experiments I will not be using phosphoric acid due to time restrictions and it is not relevant to the problems I am discussing, because it is a tribasic acid and I am comparing monobasic and dibasic acids. The equation needed to find the activation energy in a reaction is called the Arrhenius equation. In k = constant – EA/R (1/T) Where k = rate constant EA = activation energy (J mol ¹) R = gas constant, 8.31 J K ¹ mol ¹ T = temperature in Kelvin Initial Problems - The time restriction makes it extremely hard to find the order of reaction by timing how long it takes for all the magnesium to disappear. - I do not want to directly heat acid as this is dangerous when only